A magnetic storm, also known as a solar storm or geomagnetic storm, is a phenomenon related to variations in solar activity.
Solar flares
Solar flares are usually accompanied by the ejection of plasma streams. When they come into contact with our planet, these plasma flows, composed of ions and electrons, disturb the earth's magnetism with sudden and intense fluctuations, and the various layers surrounding it, including the ionosphere, which is itself composed of ions and electrons.
Impacts on our planet
These fluctuations produce the aurora borealis. On earth, they can change the direction of the compass needle or disrupt communications (radio, telephone), satellites and power stations. Planes and ships can be left without navigation systems.
Solar cycles
These flares, which usually occur at sunspots, vary according to the activity of the sun. The sun operates in 11-year cycles, with the first six years of activity increasing and the following years decreasing. The current cycle began in 2019 and will peak around July 2025.
Risks for humans
These storms can also affect people on board aircraft. According to the CRNS, "during a large flare, aircraft personnel and astronauts are exposed to high doses of radiation that can affect their health. On the International Space Station, astronauts can take refuge in parts of the station that are more resistant to radiation, but on planes, there is nowhere to hide."
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